Kings Richard and Philip Fall Ill During the Siege of Acre
1191 Siege Proves Ill-Fated for Crusaders
Arnaldia and Leonardie: Enigmatic Illnesses Strike Kings
During the 1191 Siege of Acre, Kings Richard I of England and Philippe Augustus II of France succumbed to enigmatic illnesses known as arnaldia and leonardie, respectively.
Arnaldia, which shares symptoms with oropharyngeal tularemia, is characterized by high fever, mouth ulcers, sore throat, and headache.
Leonardie, with unknown etiology, is believed to be a severe febrile illness, possibly infectious in nature.
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